Pʹdiᵏ Kʹlusar, late Penghulu of Tɛmagaaᵏ village, born at Lawaar, 1940, on the Jɛŋhuŋ River, close to where his great-great grandfather, Taaᵏ Galoŋ, had first settled 100 years before.

The late ˀAbaaɲ ˀAnjaŋ, one of the last survivors of his generation of Temiars, who also contributed much to the historical record.

Alʉj Sơid, of Tɛmagaaᵏ village, holding a blowpipe in 2011.

The late Pəŋhuluᵏ ˀUsop, the last headman of Píɲcơơŋ village.

The late Busu Lơŋ, at his home in Kajaax.

The late Bahɛl ˀAbəəh, father of the new Penghulu of Gawíín, ˀAkɛᵏ Bahɛl.

The late headman of Goob, Pəŋhuluᵏ Bơŋsuh, in 2013.

The late ˀAndơᵏ ˀAti, a former member of the home guard, who discovered communist weapons, in 1974.

The late Pandaᵏ ˀAlʉj, a former member of the home guard.

The late ˀAdiᵏ Rʹmasa, with his wife, ˀAjɛɛw ˀAlơŋ, at their home in Sʹmaliyɛx. They were the last of their generation of Píɲcơơŋ Temiars. Both died in 2022.

ˀAyob Bɛrlɛy, who learned many Temiar folktales from his father-in-law, Taaᵏ Ramơy of the Puyan.

The late Rtd Sgt ˀUda Siyam, demonstrates how to make sparks with a quartz stone and a scrap of metal.

ˀAlʉj Sơid shreds tobacco leaves on a bamboo pole.

ˀAŋah and ˀArif Pandaᵏ wear their fragrant headbands, before ascending to the mountain peak.

ˀƐlan Pʹdiᵏ, son of the late Pəŋhuluᵏ Pʹdiᵏ, who lives today at Tɛmagaaᵏ.

The late Pəŋhuluᵏ Pʹdiᵏ, of Tɛmagaaᵏ village, at his home, in 2014.

ˀAnɛl Samsudín, who contributed many pictures to this book.

A young boy holds up a sandy catfish, caught at the Puyan River, a species that carries taboos.

A young boy from Tɛmagaaᵏ who has been schooled in the city a number of years.

Orchids are a favourite flower for hair adornment

A boy at Tanjuŋ wears an elaborate headdress, in preparation for a dance.

Temiar children from Píɲcơơŋ village. They are kept away from sabat taboo foods.

Temiar children from Tanjuŋ village.

Temiar children from Tɛmagaaᵏ village.

Temiar boys from Bʹrơg village.

Temiar boys from Tɛmagaaᵏ village.

Temiar children from Tɛmagaaᵏ village.

Temiar children from Tɛmagaaᵏ village.

Temiar girls from Bʹrơg village.

The womenfolk of Tɛmagaaᵏ village gather in the afternoon to socialise.

Women of child-bearing age must observe numerous taboos, in order to guard against illness, for themselves and their nursing children.

Temiar women observe many taboos, in order to protect their children.

Men from different villages gather at the balɛy ˀadat hall, at Tɛmagaaᵏ, in preparation for a formal discussion

The discussion in progress, each man present can take turn and have a say on the issues at hand.

ˀAini Pʹdiᵏ hits a maŋsiiᵏ cane on its end, to smash it into fibers, ready for use as a tɛmpuŋ, or cooling medication.

The tɛmpuŋ is hung up at the centre of the dance hall so that the dance participants can squeeze its water on their heads to obtain its health properties.

Fragrant leaves, called cɛnlaay, are hung from cords all around the hall, to infuse the place with their aroma.

New headbands are arranged, tied with dream-guide flowers, for a soul-sending ceremony.

An elaborate hair decoration made with leaves and flowers.

Hanging the cɛnlaay leaves in the dance hall.

A bunch made of fragrant leaves and kʹralad flowers.

Temiars gather for a soul-sending ceremony.

Temiars gather for a ceremony, to send away the soul of ˀAndơᵏ ˀAti, by making a ritual petition.

Yusman ˀAndơᵏ. son of the deceased, petitions the soul of his father to leave in peace and not to return and disturb anyone.

Roslan ˀAŋah makes a petition at the foot of the first jiyɛɛs tree of the fruit season to be harvested.

Roslan ˀAŋah of Píɲcơơŋ makes petition to ˀAlʉj Tampuy, guardian of the fruit trees.

Latíf ˀAson of Gawíín village, recites a pɛntaaᵏ with burning of incense, before a dance.

Women stump their bamboo tubes on the log while singing the repeat of the lead gabag song.

The late ˀAmɛᵏ ˀAbɛy, of Gawíín, strums a kʹrəp, a bamboo harp.

Layíís ˀAyob plays a siyơy bamboo flute.

Latíf ˀAbaaɲ twangs a joríg mouth harp.

ˀAbus Sɛnawɛɛŋ shows an ˀabat sơơg, a cloth made of tree bark. (Credit: Jadɛɛr)

ˀAdiᵏ ˀAbaaɲ of Gawíín village models the traditional loin cloth, with the blowdart quiver at the hip. (Credit: Jani ˀAyob)

Two girls pick gɛlpap flowers, to use in hair adornment.

Pəŋhuluᵏ Bơŋsu Pandaᵏ,one of the last great halaaᵏs, is carried for burial, in 2013.

The burial of Bơŋsuh Pandaᵏ, one of the last remaining Toᵏ halaaᵏs of the Puyan Valley.